Influence of gastroesophageal reflux in the development of otitis media in children

Abstract

Introduction: The correct functioning of the Eustachian tube plays an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media. Tubal dysfunction can occur for different reasons, including gastroesophageal reflux. The good practice guidelines for the care of children with otitis media vary in their recommendations regarding whether or not antireflux treatment should be considered in the medical care of these patients.

Objective: To analyze the influence that gastroesophageal reflux has on the development of otitis media in children.

Analysis and synthesis of information: There are multiple mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux and its relationship with otitis media. Contact of gastric contents with the mucosa of the middle ear causes mucociliary clearance and Eustachian tube dysfunction; however, the evidence for the use of gastric content markers in clinical practice is still insufficient. Anti-reflux treatment in children with otitis media is important both to prevent acute and recurrent episodes of otitis media and to prevent exacerbations in children with chronic otitis media.

Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence on the influence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the pathogenesis of middle ear diseases. Professionals in charge of medical care for pediatric patients should consider the adoption of preventive measures for gastroesophageal reflux, from the birth of the child as the first and most effective measure to prevent middle ear diseases.